Diatoms: Photonic Marvels of the Ocean

Diatoms – microscopic algae – play a fundamental role in regulating global nutrient cycles, producing a significant proportion of Earth’s oxygen, and acting as natural carbon sinks. Beyond their ecological importance, diatoms possess remarkably sophisticated nanoscale properties. Their intricately structured silica shells act as natural photonic crystals, allowing precise manipulation of light at the nanoscale.

A diverse and prolific group of photosynthetic microalgae, they are vital contributors to ecosystems, producing as much oxygen as all tropical forests combined. Encased in intricate silicon dioxide (glass) shells, these microorganisms exhibit an extraordinary range of structural designs, with each species forming its own unique pattern. Among them, some diatoms have evolved highly ordered, porous structures that align with the scale of electromagnetic radiation, enabling them to manipulate light through photonic processes.

As we explore the bio-photonic properties of diatoms, we are also looking at the evolutionary factors underlying the development of these structures millions of years ago and discussing their potential role in enhancing photosynthesis.

By studying these micro-organisms, we will gain insight into the intersection of ecology, biology, and physics, and examine how nature’s fine-tuned design can drive ground-breaking technological innovations – as quantum computing – while promoting sustainability, resource independence, and ecological responsibility for the future.

An activity integrated in the parallel programme of the exhibition ‘Interferences in the Tagus‘ for Earth Day, under the European project ‘Bauhaus of the Seas Sails‘ and funded by Horizon Europe EU Programme.

Earth Day

This activity is part of Earth Day at Gulbenkian – a celebration of “Mother Earth” for all ages. Read more