Artemis was the goddess associated with wild animals and hunting. During the Archaic and Classical periods, she was said to be the daughter of Zeus and Leto and the twin sister of Apollo. Later, she also became associated with the moon and magic. Of Minoan origin, she is connected to the tree cult. She is depicted as a huntress dressed in a tunic and shod with cothurnus, carrying a full quiver on her shoulder, a bow in her hand and, sometimes, a dog by her side. The Temple of Artemis at Ephesos was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

On the coins in the Gulbenkian Collection, Artemis sometimes appears associated with Apollo, but also with other gods or heroes raised to godly status, as in the case of a Peloponnesian coin in which can be seen the laurelled head of Artemis on the obverse with boat-shaped earrings and a naked Herakles on the reverse, clearly occupied with one of his twelve tasks (see Herakles). Artemis is associated with Nike on the coins from the Kingdom of Epiros, minted in Syracuse, the head of the goddess on the obverse, a full-bodied Nike on the reverse. A gold coin with the head of Artemis on the obverse and with the statue of the Artemis cult in Ephesos on the reverse was minted in the city of Ionia. Lastly, also visible is a coin on which Artemis is depicted on both sides: her head in profile on the obverse and in huntress form on the reverse, bedecked with several of the adornments associated with it, alongside a doe.