The holm oak is an evergreen tree that can reach around 12 metres in height. It develops a broad, dense, rounded crown, providing abundant shade and making it one of the most emblematic trees of the Mediterranean landscape. Its leathery, tough leaves are well adapted to withstand long periods of drought.

Native to the Iberian Peninsula and dominant in many regions of southern Portugal, it is well adapted to hot, dry climates and a wide range of soil types. It is one of the characteristic species of the montado, an ecological high-value agroforestry system that combines woodland, agriculture, and pastoralism.

The flowers appear in spring and develop into acorns that ripen in autumn. These provide an important food source for both wildlife and grazing animals, playing a fundamental role in the functioning of Mediterranean ecosystems.

The holm oak is a protected species in Portugal and holds great environmental, economic, and cultural significance. In addition to its role in soil conservation and the promotion of biodiversity, it contributes to the production of goods associated with the montado ecosystem.

Its acorns are among the sweetest of Mediterranean oaks trees. Used since ancient times for both human and animal consumption, they are rich in nutrients and have been attracting growing interest as an alternative gluten-free food ingredient.